Primary references

Where to verify Canadian fiscal figures

Official tables should be the starting point. Commentary is useful only when the underlying measure and date remain visible.

Source hierarchy used on this site

  1. Audited Public Accounts and Annual Financial Reports for completed fiscal years.
  2. Budgets and economic updates for current government forecasts.
  3. Fiscal Monitor editions for timely year-to-date federal results.
  4. Statistics Canada for harmonized government-sector data.
  5. Bank of Canada and Department of Finance debt publications for securities and borrowing.
  6. Parliamentary Budget Officer publications for independent fiscal analysis.