Deficit-to-debt calculator
Start with a debt balance and apply annual deficits or surpluses.
Open toolBrowser-only calculators
Explore the arithmetic
These simplified tools teach relationships. They do not forecast government finances or replace official fiscal tables.
Debt-to-GDP calculator
Compare any clearly labelled debt measure with nominal GDP.
Open toolInterest-cost calculator
Estimate annual interest from a balance and average rate.
Open toolPrivate by design: Values stay in your browser. The tools do not send or save your entries.